Technology/techniques

While a reasonable level of computing power is needed to create the BIM model, users can view the model using a range of different platforms. For instance, cloud-based BIM viewers on a mobile phone or tablet enable users to view information from the model using a mobile app.

More complex visualisation may require specialised BIM software on a computer with a fast processor capable of running the software and a reasonably large monitor. For collaborative sessions, a large screen or projector may be useful.

Virtual and Augmented Reality (VR and AR) devices and platforms can be used to help operators gain better understanding of the facility. Most BIM software applications such as Autodesk’s Revit, Navisworks and BIM 360 provide rich visualisation features intended for communication. VR and AR technologies enable immersive experiences, where operators can interact with the model in a realistic virtual environment.

Model/data requirements

Using BIM to communicate safety information in the operations stage of a facility requires an up-to-date model, which includes accurate, as-built information, and complete information about any updates, renovations or modifications. The model should contain the historical record of changes and interventions to enable comparison and analysis.

Visualising changes to the facility, such as changes to materials, structural modifications or replaced equipment and products can help operators understand and the assess safety implications.

The model should be structured to provide independent access to specific building elements, for example by allowing walls and ceilings to be switched off so that hidden elements become visible. Specific rooms or elements should be viewable without having to engage with the entire model. This simplifies navigation and can prevent users from becoming overwhelmed with too much information.

Using an open standard data format helps to ensure compatibility with a range of visualisation devices, rather than limiting access to a proprietary system or software.

Hardware and software requirements

For general reporting and documentation, and to support visual queries, operators will require model authoring software, a computer capable of running the software, and a high-resolution monitor.

For specific reporting and documentation purposes, particularly when multiple collaborators are involved, a more dedicated system incorporating a large screen and projector may be useful. For more advanced collaborative reporting and documentation, particularly when it involves a complex structure or system, a VR headset or a mobile device with AR capability may also be required.

For general information sharing across the organisation, a touch screen station may be useful.

Contract/procurement implications

In contracts, stakeholders must clearly define the BIM deliverables, ensuring comprehensive data and accurate visualisation align with project goals. At the outset of a design and construction process, procurement strategies should emphasise long-term value and consider BIM’s use in operations and maintenance throughout the life of the facility. New projects should include an agreement on the method of communicating and visualising the facility information.

Procurement processes may need to be adapted to prioritise vendors with BIM expertise, fostering collaboration and data integration. Contracts should establish data ownership, access, and update protocols to facilitate seamless facility management.

A well-defined BIM strategy in contracts and procurement enhances collaboration, minimises disputes, and optimises facility performance throughout its lifecycle.

Roles and responsibilities

Training requirements

In addition to proficiency in BIM software, an understanding of facility management concepts is useful as it informs operational processes and decisions that model will need to support.

The operator should be proficient with BIM software and be trained in 3D modelling, data integration and visualisation techniques. An understanding of facility management concepts is also useful as it informs operational processes and decisions that model will need to support.

Training on advanced visualisation techniques, such as AR and VR, may be necessary.

Future directions

Immersive technologies, such as VR and AR, to guide on-site maintenance are becoming more widely accepted. The growing availability of continuous data feeds makes it possible to carry out real-time performance monitoring and visualisation, and facilitate communication among stakeholders.

Wearable devices may become a common means to communicate information.